The Causes And Effects Of Nostalgia In The 1700s - 755 Words

Nostalgia lives in our veins, we breath and vision it all the time. Nostalgia was a disease throughout the early 1700’s, was coined with a mixture of Greek words of returning home and pain: Throughout the war, nostalgic were affecting the troops over the scale of homesick to perform their duties and the only option to recover the troop was by sending them back home. Now nostalgia has influenced modern day as generations expresses time back at their â€Å"good old days†, wishing that they could flashback. Nostalgic has even swayed the media perceptive as recreating their old films or shows in the new modern days to fill the gap of their childhood, and showing their children their favorite shows on television when they were a kid. As time goes†¦show more content†¦Full house was introduced as an American sitcom about a group of friends help their friend, Danny, raise his kids after his wife passes away. The show first aired in 1987, presenting camaraderie as the years go by. In 1995, unfortunately they have announced of the final episode will air that year. As kids growing up, watching Full House was a gateway of our problems, and to compare theirs to our own. Netflix in 2016, announced they will be airing Fuller House as their spin-off. Bringing the classic series back, is also nostalgic of everyone’s childhood. Realizing how much the show is like your older sister. Hearing Stephanie Tanner saying, â€Å"how rude† again is reliving their youth. Dancing to same theme song, I’m reliving my childhood, it will forever have a place in everyone’s heart. Disney have released the movie Finding Nemo in 2005, about a father, Marlin, horrifically losing his son, Nemo, to scuba diver trying to prove himself. Along the way, Marlin is out to find Nemo as he encounters Dory, which later joins Marlin’s expedition to locate his son. Having a heartbreaking story, Finding Nemo, was a classic Disney movie throughout the year s with motivating father trying to have his beloved son back. Which indeed appeal to several generation, hands down one of the best movies in that time. Disney after releasing Finding Dory, triggers their audience nostalgic moments when the movie was first released. AsShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder And Its Evolution Essay2055 Words   |  9 PagesThere are several multifarious studies on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and its evolution. There are studies that delve into the psychological effects of PTSD on people s brain activity and human behavior after a traumatic experience. There are also studies such as those written by Patience Mason and Kay Marie Porterfield which provide information centered specifically on the development of PTSD in the area of combat and war throughout history. The authors of Straight Talk about Post TraumaticRead MoreModern Us Drama Midterm Paper2508 Words   |  11 Pageswho’s pushed to the point of drastic action by the stress o f needing to make more sales, reveals his frustration and feelings of impotence to his co-worker George Aaronow when he defines the hardest part as â€Å"the act†: â€Å"To say I m going on my own. Cause what you do, George, let me tell you what you do: you find yourself in thrall to someone else. And we enslave ourselves to please ... to win some fucking toaster†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Moss wants to coerce Aaronow into the specific act of stealing leads, and when AaronowRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages............................................. 447 Exercises .......................................................................................................................................... 449 CHAPTER 14 Reasoning about Causes and Their Effects ................................................... 465 Correlations......................................................................................................................................... 465 Significant Correlations

The Ones Who Walk Away From 1861-1865, By Ursula K. Le Guin

The Ones Who Venture Amidst Moral Reason What is morally right? People throughout time have pondered this question and yet there is still no overall idea set in stone. The story â€Å"The ones who walk away from Omelas†, by Ursula K. Le Guin, deals with the morally grey subject of the needs of the many versus the needs of the few. The two philosophers who ideas will be used to help understand and reason with this subject are Kant and Mill. Immanuel Kant, the father of modern philosophy, argued for deontological ethics, in which mortality is based on duty and obligation. Conversely, John Stuart Mill, a famous 19th century philosopher, supported and revised the idea of Utilitarianism, a belief in which morality is based on which action yields the greatest quality and quantity of happiness. The story poses question like, â€Å"is allowing a child to suffer for the greater good morally right?†, and, â€Å"are people who walk away from this injustice morally right?†. Both of these philosophers would appro ach these questions from different angles and come to reflated conclusions. This paper will show that within the context of â€Å"The Ones Who Walk away from Omelas† , even though at first the choices being made would see cruel, Mill ideas are the ones that present itself to be more correct. This story depicts a utopian society that is built upon the suffering of one feeble child who is locked away, out of sight, within a small dark room. While most of the citizens are fine with this, upon

Two Girls with the Courage to Change their World Free Essays

string(87) " which will free her father and prove that she is just as capable of solving the case\." Although most humans are born free, they can live life bound by the barriers and expectations of society. The novels The Sweetness at the Bottom of the Pie and Sister Wife focus on female protagonists who break out of the moulds their societies place them in and form their own identities. In this essay, I will argue that these novels show how feminism has a positive impact on society and on the individuals who practise it. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Girls with the Courage to Change their World or any similar topic only for you Order Now To do this, I will analyze how the cultures restricted females, how each protagonist resisted conformity, and the successful conclusion each character reached. In The Sweetness of the Bottom of the Pie, the main character, Flavia DeLuce, epitomizes the struggles women faced for equality in England during the 1950’s. In the aftermath of World War II, a new emphasis was placed on the nuclear family as the foundation of society. Although during the war many women worked outside the home and participated in the war effort, after its end they were encouraged to assume roles of wives and mothers as the government aimed to re-establish domesticity as women’s primary occupation. The fictional town of Bishops Lacey was no different. Women were expected to perform domestic work or jobs considered to be specific to their gender, such as a cook or librarian, and men were expected to perform the superior roles, such as detectives, professors or priests. The society Flavia was raised in expected females to be dependent and accepting of their male superiors. Flavia, the protagonist of the novel, can be described as an independent, self-reliant, and persistent eleven year old. Throughout the novel, her feminist qualities and resistance to the moulds of her culture are evident. Flavia verbally declares on several occasions that she is just as capable, if not more so, than her male counterparts: â€Å"Yes, I’d solve this case and present it to him wrapped up in gaily colored ribbons† (95). In this statement Flavia affirms her belief that she has the ability to solve the case just as effectively as the male detectives. Similarly, Sister Wife‘s main character, Celeste, questions the inferior place of women and their lack of rights in the context of a polygamous community. Celeste was born in Unity, home to The Movement, a conservative religious group that lives apart from mainstream, modern society. Unity is a society based on conformity and unwavering obedience, especially when it comes to women. Women in this society are not granted the option to choose; before they are born, their roles in society are already planned, â€Å"Fathers and mothers †¦ from the time your daughter can crawl, you must teach her that she does not belong to you but to the prophet and the man the prophet will assign her to in marriage. Only these men†¦ can take your daughters to the highest degree of the celestial kingdom† (33). This statement, spoken by the prophet, clearly shows the roles of women in Unity and their dependence on the male figures that dominate their society. Celeste, who can be described as an opinionated and individualistic young girl, has to hide aspects of her natural personality to find acceptance in Unity. Celeste begins to question the ways of The Movement as the day when she will be assigned to a husband draws near. She does not want to be married at 15; she seeks higher aspirations, such as â€Å"an education, a career, to fall in love and chose her own husband, to be independent and think for herself† (264). However, Unity would never permit Celeste to do any more than become a celestial wife. A celestial wife is a term commonly used in polygamous communities meaning heavenly or holy wife; a woman can be considered a celestial wife when their husband marries more than one women. This forces Celeste to decide whether to conform to the roles laid out for her, or to resist her male dominated society. In the novel The Sweetness at the Bottom of the Pie, Flavia, contrary to Celeste, avidly verbally and physically, defies her male dominated society. Flavia hates being undermined and judged based on her gender instead of her abilities; â€Å"’why it’s only a girl,’ ‘I could’ve slapped his face,’† (242). These statements occur after Flavia is caught breaking into a boys boarding school. When a teacher notices her he calls the police, assuming that she was a boy and therefore a legitimate threat to security. However, when he discovers that she is a girl, he apologizes for alerting the cops and claims that if he knew, he could have easily dealt with the situation. In Bishops Lacey, many male figures decide the scope of Flavia’s abilities before they get to know her; as a result Flavia receives great joy in proving them wrong. In the beginning of the novel, Flavia discovers a dead body in her front yard. Instead of initiating the expected female response of running to get help, Flavia kneels over the body and exclaims, â€Å"I wish I could say I was scared, but I wasn’t. Quite the contrary. This was by far the most interesting thing that had ever happened to me in my entire life† (29). Although Flavia wakes Dogger, a maintenance worker in the De Luce home, she takes care of the dead body herself. Flavia calls the police, confirms that the victim is dead, and is the first to greet the detectives when they arrive. Her natural ability to remain calm and take control of the situation is very uncharacteristic of the females in Bishops Lacey. Ms. Mullet’s response to the situation is much less refined: â€Å"Oh, good Lord! † (14). Later, when Flavia’s father is charged with the murder, she cannot just watch as men try to wrongly convict him of the crime: â€Å"My duty was to my father and it had fallen upon my shoulders to help him† (152). Despite the detective’s setbacks, Flavia begins to unravel the mystery which will free her father and prove that she is just as capable of solving the case. You read "Two Girls with the Courage to Change their World" in category "Papers" During her journey to discover the truth, Flavia ignores the rules created by the men in her life, such as ignoring the detective’s obvious worry for her safety, her father’s pleas for her to â€Å"Go home,† and unlawfully breaking into a hotel room and a clock tower (173). Flavia’s determination and unwillingness to rely on men are admiral qualities; however, they do place her in serious danger. Near the end of the mystery Flavia is kidnapped by the murderer Frank Pemberton. Although this is the first time in the novel she shows fear, Flavia still refuses to submit to his demands. Despite the fact that she is physically bound and unable to resist, she believes she can still conquer Pemberton with her wit. Throughout the novel Sister Wife, Celeste also defies the male dominance in her society; however, she does this in a much subtler way. Through the majority of the novel, Celeste mentally resents the restrictions and roles of women in her society; however, physically, she seems to follow and obey the laws laid down by men. This is one of the major differences between the two characters, as Flavia could be characterized as a woman of action whereas Celeste could be described as a woman of thoughts. At the beginning of the novel, Celeste seems to be the perfect daughter: she is obedient and respectful of her culture. However as more of her character is revealed, the reader discovers that Celeste is consumed with thoughts of a life outside Unity. Within the community, Celeste’s lifestyle is so structured that â€Å"a person doesn’t really need to think at all† (11). Yet, Celeste still doubts the system and finds it impossible to accept the prophet’s laws without questioning them: â€Å"God is not in the religious ranting, he’s not in the rules or the sacred book. He is here in this beauty of this divine morning† (129). When Celeste meets a young, attractive boy named Jon, she begins to believe that she should have the right to fall in love with a boy her own age. Although Celeste and Jon’s relationship is banned in Unity and considered blasphemy, neither character can stop romantically seeing the other. Celeste wonders whether â€Å"it’s time for her to change things†¦. Refuse to be assigned to a husband† (49). This shows Celeste’s feminist tendencies and her subtle way of resisting her society. However, Celeste’s loyalty and love for her family prevents her from acting on her desires. When Celeste and Jon are caught, he begs her to leave with him: â€Å"’Celeste you know you don’t want this life’†; she responds: â€Å"‘But I also know that I cannot disgrace my family’† (142). After Jon’s departure, the whole community becomes aware of Celeste’s indiscretion and Celeste reaches a new level of despair. She laments that â€Å"What Daddy wants is right for him. Nobody asked me if being a celestial wife was right for me; if they had I would have said no† (148). Celeste begins to feel like a caged animal and every movement becomes an effort. This leads the reader to conclude that without the right to think independently and make decisions for oneself, people can lose the very essence of what makes them human. The days begin to blur for Celeste and soon she finds herself engaged to Jon’s father. It does not matter how much she is repulsed by the idea of her new husband; Celeste cannot leave Unity and in the end she chooses to marry the one the Lord reveals for her. In the end, Flavia’s resistance to the gender inequality in her society changes Bishops Lacey forever. When sitting in a room alone with a raging murderer, Flavia realizes that there are no miracles in Bishops Lacey. If she wants to live she â€Å"must make things happen for herself† (315). Flavia knows that â€Å"humans were incapable of accepting their own helplessness,† (316) and as a result they have become survivors. She was not giving up without a fight, and although she knew that she could not escape alone, she physically fought Pemberton with everything she had. Flavia proclaimed that â€Å"Napoleon had once called the English a nation of shopkeepers†¦ but we were a nation of survivors, and I, Flavia Sabina De Luce, could see it even in myself,† (331). Even as the strength leaves her body, Flavia stalls Pemberton using her knowledge of the murders he had committed, hopefully buying her rescuer the time he needs. In moments, Dogger arrives, freeing Flavia from Pemberton’s grasp. When Flavia is freed from the pit she had been concealed in, the residents of Bishops Lacey no longer view her as just a girl. They regard her as â€Å"somehow a different Flavia than the one†, they knew â€Å"only two days ago† (349). Flavia will forever be remembered as the girl with enough courage to defy all the odds and uncover the truth. The symbolism of her heroic journey is evident as Pemberton is arrested in complete darkness and her father is released in the light that followed. The idea of darkness becoming light also symbolized the rebirth of Bishops Lacey, as their previous view that â€Å"females were disadvantaged by nature† (275) had been proven false by Flavia’s actions. In the weeks that follow her kidnapping, Flavia comes to be perceived as an equal in her community, consulted by the detectives and police. As a result her independence flourishes. In contrast, Celeste’s resistance to the gender inequality in her society changes her life forever by providing her with enough strength to follow her dreams. Celeste does not find any more happiness in married life than in life with her biological family and feels as though she has â€Å"been sentenced to a life without hope. My heart feels as though it will never heal† (246). This statement reveals the psychological realities of many women trapped within the system of polygamy. To keep a level of sanity, Celeste creates Inukshuks; this allows her to regain some control in her life and feel connected to the earth. As male dominance leaves little room for female imagination, Celeste manages to express herself through her creations and this ends up saving her soul: â€Å"When I concentrate on rocks, I forget everything else, and for those short hours I experience peace† (246). The idea of using an element of creation to explain one’s society and her place in it is a common theme shared by both novels. In The Sweetness at the Bottom of the Pie, Flavia uses chemistry to express her creativity and knowledge, using chemical analogies to explain her world. After only a few months of marriage, Celeste becomes pregnant, and as a result, her devastation increased because a child would forever bind her to Unity. But on the first day of spring her daughter, Hope, is born, and suddenly everything in Celeste’s world changes. She wants her daughter to have everything she did not have: â€Å"I may not have been strong enough to leave Unity for myself, but in this moment I know that I will find the strength to do it for her† (264). Celeste’s dream of escape become reality when she leaves Unity a few months after her daughter is born. The courage to believe that society should have a place where everyone is equal is the foundation of feminism in both the novels Sister Wife and The Sweetness at the Bottom of the Pie. The two female protagonists defy the male dominance in their societies and discover who they truly are. Each character faces the obstacle of a very repressive culture and yet, are able to summon the courage of the feminists who lived before them to resolve the conflicts of their time. Though Flavia’s resolution had more of an immediate impact than Celeste’s, by leaving Unity, Celeste set a new precedent for girls in polygamous communities and helped others realize that there is a way out. Therefore, it is justified to claim that both girls resolved aspects of gender inequality in their societies. These unique women have positively impacted society and contributed to the rights and freedoms modern women enjoy. How to cite Two Girls with the Courage to Change their World, Papers

Mix Model Analysis

Question: Describe about the Mix Model Analysis? Answer: Section 1 a) Literature review and ANOVA This study consists of 700 undergraduate students from the six different faculties and from four institutes. The total number of valid questionnaires after the exclusion of missing values was 692. The questionnaire including three sections is given to students and data is collected through this questionnaire. Respondent asked to check different scales for option. Researcher used simple statistical techniques for analysis of this data. Researcher used the mean and standard deviations for the given information. After this study, researcher found that there were 198 students (28.6%) adopted performance goal and 494 students (71.4%) adopted mastery goal. Researcher also used the Cronbachs alpha test based on reliability. For drawing conclusions about the fact, we need to perform some analysis. We perform this analysis based on the data available for us. There are two types of data such as quantitative data and qualitative data. if the data is quantitative, then we perform a quantitative statistical analysis and if the data is qualitative, then we perform the qualitative data analysis. But for some study, both type of data analysis needed because the study or experiments consist of both types of data in it. This type of analysis or models is called as mixed model data analysis. We have to see the quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods in this section. Also, we have to take a review of the ANOVA test and test for independence. Let us see the quantitative and qualitative data analysis in short given as below: Quantitative data analysis: If we have available the data in the quantities or numbers, then we use the quantitative data analysis. For this quantitative data analysis, there are different statistical methods. We can use the descriptive statistics for describing the data variables or parameters. We can also use the inferential statistical tests for proving some claims regarding the variables under study. In descriptive statistics, we study the mean, mode, median, standard deviation, range, kurtosis, etc. While in inferential statistics, we use the different statistical hypothesis tests for checking or testing the null hypothesis or the claim stated by the researcher. Selection of proper test is important because if we do not select the appropriate hypothesis test, then we cannot get the desired results regarding the hypothesis or claim under study. Qualitative data analysis: If the variable gives the data in the qualitative format or in attributes, then we perform the qualitative data analysis. There are several methods are available for qualitative data analysis. We can use some non parametric tests for this type of data sets. We can also use some attribute analysis for this types of test. For the qualitative data, we need to categorize this data according to different categories under study. Then we need to label these data sets. That is, organization of data is very essential in the qualitative data analysis. In both type of data analysis, some main steps are very important. These steps are given as collection of data, classification of data, analysis of data and interpretation of data. ANOVA: Analysis of Variances In the analysis of variances, we test the null hypothesis that whether all the population means are same or not. In other words, we check whether there is any significant difference in the given populations. We use this test of analysis of variance when we are given a more than two samples. For two samples, we can use the z test or t test. For this ANOVA, we calculate the test statistic F and p-value regarding it and then compare this p-value with the given level of significance and then we take the decision regarding the null hypothesis whether we have to reject or not reject the null hypothesis that all population means are same. Tests of independence When the study takes place, in early stage of that a small qualitative sample has taken. In that case, there found a most difference between senior and junior participants in case of their training of identifying and avoiding plagiarism, where it is found that junior members got benefit after attending various research seminars as part of their PhD course and aware about various referencing software and different technique, whereas most of the senior lecturer was unaware of the form of the formal anti-plagiarism training. According to the primary analysis it is observe that, most of the senior lecture avoid to look over the plagiarism and not interested in the in perusing students who plagiarise, but at another side when younger lecturers gets into plagiarism case, they solve the case themselves rather than to go to Internet to check. Generally it relates with the different searching skill of different lecturer. When we need to test the independence between the given two variables then we use the tests for independence. For this purpose, we have to see the chi square test for independence in detail which is given as below: Chi square test for independence We use this statistical hypothesis test for independence of two categorical variables. The null hypothesis for the chi square test for the independence is given as there is no any association exists between the given two categorical variables. The main assumption for this test is that the both categorical variables should be from a single population. For checking this claim, we calculate the value for the test statistic and p-value associated with this test statistic and then we compare this p-value with the given level of significance or alpha value and then take the decision regarding the null hypothesis whether the given two categorical variables are independent or not. We can use some other tests for this purpose. There are some non parametric tests are available for the independence of variables. 1.C) Literature review In the survey it is founds 681 cases of the plagiarism and academic misconduct. The 681 student case shows approximately 15% of total student. A sample of this shows exact result to within +/-3.5%with 95% confidence. Section 2 Here, we have to find the five journal articles regarding the statistical analysis including the qualitative and quantitative analysis. We have to find these articles from the EBSCO or Google Scholar. Let us see the abstracts for these five articles given below: 5 journal articles Article 1: Diversity in Smartphone usage Abstract: Researcher study the diversity in Smartphone usage for checking some claims regarding study of Smartphone usage. For this purpose, the researcher used the data of 255 users. By using this data regarding the Smartphone, researcher conducts the comprehensive study of Smartphone use and its diversity. Researcher found that the average number of interactions per day varies from 10 to 200. Researcher also found that the average amount of data usage or received per day varies from 1 to 100 MB. Researcher concluded that the mechanisms to improve user experience or energy consumption will be more effective if user learn and adapt to user behaviour. Researcher also concluded that the 90th percentile error with the adaptation is less than the half compared to predictions which are based on the average behaviour across users. Article 2: Smartphone usage in the wild: a large-scale analysis of applications and context Abstract This article explains the large scale analysis for the Smartphone usage in the real life. For this study, the researcher considers the different variables or parameters for this study regarding the Smartphone use in the real life. For this experiment, the researcher uses the data of 77 participants from a European country over 9 months. For this period, researcher collects real data of actual usage and other data regarding the variables under study. Article 3: Facets of simplicity for the Smartphone interface: A structural model Abstract For this article, the researcher studies the facets of simplicity for the Smartphone interface and researcher constructed a structural model for this study. Researcher measures the simplicity perception for a Smartphone user interface. The research incorporated the visual aesthetics, information design and the task complexity into an extended construct of simplicity. The researcher studies the three distinct domains of the interaction between the human and computer and related areas. Finally researcher constructed the model involving the six main components such as reduction, organization, component complexity, coordinative complexity, dynamic complexity and visual aesthetics. After some statistical hypothesis test, the researcher accepted the null hypothesis that the user satisfaction was positively affected by simplicity perception and that the relationship between the two constructs was very strong. Also, researcher draws some other conclusions regarding this study and finds out t he different aspects regarding the Smartphone usage. Article 4: Diversity in Smartphone energy consumption Abstract For this article, researcher conduct a large scale study of Smartphone user and then researcher measures the energy consumption characteristics of 17300 BlackBerry Smartphone users. Researcher studies the three main distinct types of Smartphones such as opportunistic chargers, light-consumers and the nighttimes chargers. Then researcher did some statistical data analysis and draws some conclusions regarding the energy consumption characteristics of each user type. Researcher also studies some other aspects regarding the different aspects of BlackBerry Smartphones. Article 5: Why Communication Researchers Should Study the Internet: A Dialogue Abstract: For this article, the researcher study the communication system and the use of internet or data used for the communication system. Also researcher compares the different communication systems and finds out the difference between these communications systems. Researcher study the different aspects of communication systems through various media and suggests that how the internet is effective communication system than other communication system. For this purpose, researcher collects the data for different communication system regarding the efficiency of communication system, time needs for completing the communication, etc. Then researcher studies these different aspects regarding different communication system and then suggests that how the internet is more efficient over other communication systems. Section 3 For this section, we have to discuss two articles from the above five articles in the section 2. Let us see two articles in detail given as below: Article 1: Diversity in Smartphone usage Abstract: Researcher study the diversity in Smartphone usage for checking some claims regarding study of Smartphone usage. For this purpose, the researcher used the data of 255 users. By using this data regarding the Smartphone, researcher conducts the comprehensive study of Smartphone use and its diversity. Researcher characterise this study according to the intentional user activities such as interactions with the device and the applications used by the user. Researcher study the impact of these activities of user on the network and the energy usage. Researcher finds immense diversity among the users. Researcher found that all users differ by the one or more than one orders of magnitude. Researcher found that the average number of interactions per day varies from 10 to 200. Researcher also found that the average amount of data usage or received per day varies from 1 to 100 MB. Researcher concluded that the mechanisms to improve user experience or energy consumption will be more effective if user learn and adapt to user behaviour. Researcher found that the qualitative similarities exist among the users that facilitate the task of learning user behaviour. Researcher found that the variable relative application popularity follows an exponential distribution with different parameters for different users. Researcher also concluded that the 90th percentile error with the adaptation is less than the half compared to predictions which are based on the average behaviour across users. We can get more information about this article on the following link: Article 2: Smartphone usage in the wild: a large-scale analysis of applications and context Abstract This article explains the large scale analysis for the Smartphone usage in the real life. For this study, the researcher considers the different variables or parameters for this study regarding the Smartphone use in the real life. Researcher uses two main contextual variables such as places and social context of condition of use of Smartphone applications. Researcher found the strong dependencies between the phone usage and these two contextual variables. For this experiment, the researcher uses the data of 77 participants from a European country over 9 months. For this period, researcher collects real data of actual usage and other data regarding the variables under study. Researcher also study the key patterns used by the user for their Smartphones. After collecting this data, researcher did some statistical data analysis on large scale and draws some conclusions. References: 1. David Freedman, Robert Pisani, Roger Purves, Statistics, 3rd ed., W. W. Norton Company, 1997. 2. Morris H. DeGroot, Mark J. Schervish Probability and Statistics, 3rd ed., Addison Wesley, 2001. 3. Leonard J. Savage, The Foundations of Statistics, 2nd ed., Dover Publications, Inc. New York, 1972. 4. Robert V. Hogg, Allen T. Craig, Joseph W. McKean, An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 6th ed., Prentice Hall, 2004. 5. George Casella, Roger L. Berger, Statistical Inference, 2nd ed., Duxbury Press, 2001. 6. David R. Cox, D. V. Hinkley, Theoretical Statistics, Chapman Hall/CRC, 1979. 7. Peter J. Bickel, Kjell A. Doksum, Mathematical Statistics, Volume 1, Basic Ideas and Selected Topics, 2rd ed. Prentice Hall, 2001. 8. T. S. Ferguson, Mathematical Statistics: A Decision Theoretic Approach, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1967 9. Harald Cramr, Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton, 1946 10.Laubach RS, Koschnick K. Using Readability: Formulas for Easy Adult Materials. Syracuse, NY: New Readers Press, 1977.